MORPHOLOGY

Flower is a modified dwarf shoot of angiospermic plant that serves as a basic unit of sexual reproduction.Study of flowers known as Anthology.Flowers develops either in the axial of a leaf bracts or at the tip of the axis.The stalk of the flower is known as pedicel. Upon the pedicel here may be one to many small scaly structures called bracteoles. The termminal part of the pedicel is called thalamus. There are four types of floral and carpels leaves or organs such as sepals, petals stamens develop from the nodes of the thalamus. A typical flower of the angiosperm consists of four types of floral parts namely calax, corolla, androecium and gynoecium.

1. CaLyx: It constitutes the outermost whorl and consists of sepals.Sepals may be green or coloured. It is protective in the bud condition.
2. Corolla: It is the second Whorl of the flower which is composed of petals.Usually it is thin, brightly coloured, scented with nectaries glands to attract the insects for cross-pollination.
3. Androceium: It represents the male reproductive whorl of the flower. It comprises stamens. Each stamen has usually a filament, anther and connective. Each anther consists of two lobes. Each lobe further consists of two chambers, which are called pollen-sacs. thus, there are four pollen sacs in each anther. Each pollen sac produces a large number of pollen grains.The pollen grains are the male gamets.
4. Gynoecium: Gynoecium is the innermost whorl of the flower and comprises the female organs called carpels. Each gynoecium or pistil consists of the three parts: ovary, style and stigma. The swollen basal part of the pistil is called ovary.The ovary may have one or more locules. Each locule is provided with one or more ovules on placentae. On maturity after fertilization ovary develops into fruits and ovules develops into seeds. Above the ovary the carpel is protuded into a long or short style. The style ends with a round, sticky stigma. During pollination, the pollen grains are deposited on the stigma.